Language Syntax

Complete guide to Macroni language syntax and features.

Basic Syntax

Comments

# Single-line comments start with #
x = 10;  # Inline comments are supported

Statements

All statements end with a semicolon ;

x = 10;
name = "test";
@print("Hello");

Data Types

Primitives

# Integers
x = 42;
y = -10;

# Floats
pi = 3.14159;
temp = -273.15;

# Strings (double quotes only)
name = "Alice";
message = "Hello, world!";

# Booleans
enabled = true;   # true = 1
disabled = false; # false = 0

# Null
value = null;

Collections

Tuples (Immutable)

# Create tuples with parentheses
coords = (100, 200);
rgb = (255, 128, 0);
empty = ();

# Destructuring
x, y = (100, 200);
r, g, b = rgb;

# Indexing
first = coords[0];  # 100
second = coords[1]; # 200

Note

Tuples are immutable - you cannot modify elements after creation.

Lists (Mutable)

# Create lists with square brackets
items = [1, 2, 3, 4];
names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"];
mixed = [1, "two", 3.0, true];
empty = [];

# Indexing
first = items[0];      # 1
last = items[3];       # 4

# Modify elements
items[0] = 10;         # items is now [10, 2, 3, 4]

# List operations
@append(items, 5);     # Add to end
popped = @pop(items);  # Remove from end

Variables

Assignment

# Single assignment
x = 10;
name = "test";

# Multiple assignment (destructuring)
x, y = (100, 200);
a, b, c = [1, 2, 3];

# From function returns
text, conf, bbox = @ocr_find_text(region, 0.8, null, 1.0)[0];

Scope

x = 10;  # Global variable

fn my_function() {
    y = 20;     # Local to function
    outer x;    # Declare x as outer scope
    x = 15;     # Modifies global x
}

my_function();
@print(x);  # 15
# @print(y);  # Error: y is not defined

Outer Variables

Use outer keyword to modify variables from enclosing scope.

Operators

Arithmetic

a = 10 + 5;   # Addition: 15
b = 10 - 5;   # Subtraction: 5
c = 10 * 5;   # Multiplication: 50
d = 10 / 5;   # Division: 2
e = 10 % 3;   # Modulo: 1
f = -x;       # Negation

Comparison

a = x > 10;   # Greater than
b = x < 10;   # Less than
c = x >= 10;  # Greater than or equal
d = x <= 10;  # Less than or equal
e = x == 10;  # Equal
f = x != 10;  # Not equal

Logical

# AND (&&)
if x > 5 && y < 10 {
    @print("Both conditions true");
}

# OR (||)
if x == 0 || y == 0 {
    @print("At least one is zero");
}

# NOT (!)
if !enabled {
    @print("Disabled");
}

Indexing

# Lists and tuples
items = [10, 20, 30];
first = items[0];      # 10
last = items[2];       # 30

# Nested indexing
matrix = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];
value = matrix[0][1];  # 2

# String indexing (not supported directly, use @str operations)

Control Flow

If Statements

# Simple if
if x > 10 {
    @print("Greater than 10");
}

# If-else
if x > 10 {
    @print("Greater");
} else {
    @print("Not greater");
}

# Nested conditions
if x > 0 {
    if x < 10 {
        @print("Between 0 and 10");
    } else {
        @print("10 or more");
    }
} else {
    @print("Zero or negative");
}

# Inline conditional (expression)
result = if x > 0 { 1 } else { -1 };

While Loops

# Basic while loop
x = 0;
while x < 10 {
    @print(x);
    x = x + 1;
}

# Infinite loop with break
while true {
    x = x + 1;
    if x > 100 {
        break;  # Exit loop
    }
}

# Continue statement
x = 0;
while x < 10 {
    x = x + 1;
    if x % 2 == 0 {
        continue;  # Skip even numbers
    }
    @print(x);
}

No For Loops

Macroni uses while loops exclusively. Iterate over collections using indices and @len().

items = [1, 2, 3, 4];
i = 0;
while i < @len(items) {
    @print(items[i]);
    i = i + 1;
}

Functions

Function Definition

# Simple function
fn greet() {
    @print("Hello!");
}

# Function with parameters
fn add(a, b) {
    return a + b;
}

# Multiple parameters
fn move_and_click(x, y, speed) {
    @mouse_move(x, y, speed, true);
    @left_click();
}

Return Values

# Single return value
fn square(x) {
    return x * x;
}

# Multiple return values (tuple)
fn get_bounds() {
    return (0, 0, 1920, 1080);
}

x1, y1, x2, y2 = get_bounds();

# No return (implicit null)
fn log_message(msg) {
    @print("[LOG]", msg);
    # No return statement
}

Function Calls

# No arguments
greet();

# With arguments
result = add(10, 20);
move_and_click(500, 300, 1000);

# Nested calls
result = add(square(3), square(4));  # 9 + 16 = 25

# Built-in functions (prefixed with @)
@print("Hello");
@wait(1000);
region = @capture_region("area", false);

Built-in Functions

All built-in functions start with @ symbol.

Modules

Importing

import "utils.macroni";
import "helpers/mouse.macroni";